India
anti-dumping measures and, 77–78
biofuels and, 107
demographic drivers and, 113
deregulation and, 128
energy and, 146
forestry and, 99
genetically engineered crops and, 173–75
impact of Green Revolution in, 46b
information and communication technology
and, 178
intellectual property rights and, 47, 86, 90
investment in AKST and, 136
partnerships and, 183, 184b
population growth and, 116
regional cooperation and, 130
SPS standards and, 101
trade and, 66–67, 70, 75
Indian Institute of Technology, 175
Indian National Rural Employment Guarantee
Act (NREGA), 127
Indian Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmer
Rights Act, 85
Indigenous knowledge. See Traditional
knowledge
Indigenous peoples, 11, 69–70, 79, 89, 96–97.
See also Local knowledge
Indonesia, 37, 70
Indus River Treaty, 129
Industrialization, 31, 68, 102, 136
Infant mortality, 116–17
Information and communications technology
(ICT), 40, 56, 92, 139, 160, 176–78, 179
Informed consent, 84, 86–87
Infrastructure, 72, 128–29, 143t
Innovation strategies, 139–40, 161, 183–86,
185f
Innovation Systems approach, 137
Insect resistance, 95
Institutional change, 42b, 43t
Institutions, role of, 182–86
Insurance mechanisms, 80–82
Integrated management, 160, 161–62, 183,
184b
Integrated nutrient management (INM), 170
Integrated pest management (IPM), 25, 53, 64,
93–95, 139, 170
Integrated rainwater and irrigation
management, 23
Intellectual property rights (IPR). See also
TRIPS agreement
breeding programs and, 47, 85–86
farmers’ rights and, 85–86
future of, 91–92
issues in, 40, 64, 160
local knowledge and, 89–90
national and regional responses and, 90–91
overview of, 186–87
public, private sector R&D and, 86–88
technology transfer and, 88–89
trade agreements and, 66, 82–85
trends in as driver, 137–38
Intercropping, 36, 50–51
Intergovernmental Agreement on the Asian
Highway Network, 128–29
Intergovernmental Agreement on the Trans-
Asian Railways, 128–29

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,
115, 115t
International Coffee Agreement (ICA), 79–80
International Convention on the Protection of
New Plant Varieties (UPOV), 90
International Food Policy Research Institute
(IFPRI), 45
International Institute of Rural Reconstruction
(IIRR), 179
International Labor Organization (ILO), 104
International Office of Epizootics, 104
International Plant Protection Convention, 104
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), 23,
26–28, 88, 177–78
International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources
for Food and Agriculture, 91, 187
International Water Management Institute
(IWMI), 175
Investment
anti-dumping measures and, 77–78
biotechnology and, 138–39
human resource development and, 133b
infrastructure and, 72, 129
need for increased in rural regions, 19, 161
overview of, 43–45, 44t, 45t
political stability and, 127
in research as driver, 135–36, 138–39
IPM. See Integrated pest management
IPR. See Intellectual property rights
IR8 rice, 23–24, 27
Iron deficiency, 49–50
IRRI. See International Rice Research Institute
Irrigation
climate change and, 143
farming systems and, 7–8
increased use of, 19–22, 21f, 22t
integrated management of, 23
rainwater harvesting and, 23
rice breeding programs and, 26–28
soils and, 54–55
trends in as driver, 140
water quality and, 52
water resource depletion and, 55
Islands, agroforestry and, 8
IT for Change, 177
IWMI. See International Water Management
Institute

J
Japan, 67, 68, 129, 139
Jatropha, 29, 147, 164
Jeevani, 90

K
Kandyan Forest Gardens, 168
Knowledge management (KM), 176–78
Kotmale Project, 56
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, 136
Kyoto Protocol, 106–7

L
Labor. See Agricultural labor
Lamy, Pascal, 188
Land ownership, 56, 99, 140
Land use, 21, 23, 49, 68, 146–47, 164
Landslides, 9
Languages, 11

Laser leveling, 21, 28
Least developed countries (LDC). See
Developing countries
Liberalization
as driver, 113, 123, 126, 128
employment and, 132
environment and, 134
infrastructure and, 128
organic agriculture and, 100
process of, 190, 190t
sustainability and, 187–88
Life expectancies, 12
Lifelines India, 178
Livestock. See also Grazing; Pork production;
Poultry production
breed improvement and, 172
changes in production systems of, 19, 30,
31, 102
climate change and, 54, 143t
diseases and, 53
farming systems and, 7–8
organic farming of, 36
overview of, 5–6
production systems for, 29–30
SPS agreement and, 75
trade and, 15, 101–2
traditional knowledge and, 40t
waste runoff and, 6, 52–53
Living modified organisms (LMOs), 104. See
also Genetically modified organisms
Lobbies, trade and, 67
Local knowledge. See Traditional knowledge
Logging, 19, 31, 99. See also Forest resources
Longping, Yuan, 24

M
Mad cow disease, 53, 102
Mahiti Manthana, 177
Malnutrition. See Nutritional status
Management, 23, 56, 101
Mangroves, 4, 6, 31, 98
Manila Framework Group, 129
Manure, organic farming and, 36
Manure rankings, 168
Marine ecosystems, 6, 163
Market access, 70–72
Marrakesh Agreement, 103
MAV. See Minimum Access Volume
Maximum residue limit (MRL), 75t
Meat products, 30–31, 50f, 101
Mechanization, 24–25, 24f, 32, 120
Mediterranean Intensive Oxidant Study
(MINOS), 147
Mekong River Commission, 129
Mergers, 87–88
Mexican Agricultural Products Options
Program (APOP), 80
Mgori Forest, 42b
Microbasins, 23
Microcredit programs, 56, 127, 182
Microirrigation, 21
Microorganisms, 54, 83, 85, 174
Migration patterns, 12, 118–19, 145
Milk production, 6, 70, 75t, 81, 100
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), 15
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 115, 115t
Minimum Access Volume (MAV), 70