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Index | 233
| biodiversity and, 175–76 bioenergy and, 174 climate change and, 174 current situation, 127t importance of, 46–47 increasing value of, 170 in life as it is scenario, 145, 162 policies for strengthening, 194 by scenario (overview), 134t system based on, 7 in technogarden scenario, 155 as variable, 117t, 119t Knowledge advances in adaptive mosaic scenario, 150 current situation, 127t by scenario (overview), 134t as variable, 117t Knowledge and innovation systems, AKST impact on, 106–7 Knowledge networks governance models and, 178 interactions between organizations and, 87–89 Knowledge sharing initiatives, 176–77 Kyoto Protocol, 202, 206 L Labor as resource, 30–31 Land conversion from agriculture to tourism, 36b–37b research and training on distribution of, 174 as resource, 28–29 Land tenure agricultural development and, 194–95 conventional system, impact of, 60 inequality in, 16–17 MST (Movement of Landless Rural Workers), 18b Land use patterns in global orchestration scenario, 125 in life as it is scenario, 144 livestock farming and, 176 Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) agricultural production systems (overview), 7 agriculture, importance of, 27–28 cultural context, 25–27 description of, 4 development models, evolution of, 12–13 economic context, 20–22 environmental context, 22–25 food chains in, 42–44 gender status in, 48–50 global context and trends, 8–12 knowledge situation in, 45–48 political context, 22 production trends, regional, 32–42 regionalization, 7–8, 10t, 11t resources available, 28–32 social context, 13–20 sociocultural characteristics, 44–45 Laws. See Governance; Public policies Learning partnerships, 83, 89 Legal frameworks for civil-society participation, 196 Liberal theory, 194n34, 194n36 Life as it is scenario |
2007-2015, 144–47 2016-2030, 147–49 implications for innovation and development policies, 159–60, 161–62 states of component variables, 132t–137t Livestock farming beef cattle production, 37, 35f in Brazil, 33 deforestation and, 57 renewable energy, research on contribution to, 174–75 sustainability of, 176 Local action, 198–99 Local Agricultural Research Committees (CIALs), 83b Local and third sector organizations in AKST system, 77–78 Local information education programs, 181 Local knowledge. See Knowledge, traditional/ indigenous Local technological knowledge systems, 89 M Maize (Zea mays), 29, 35 Malnutrition. See Hunger and malnutrition MA (Millennium Ecosystems Assessment), 202 Marginalization, 193–94 Marine and coastal ecosystems, environmental impacts on, 59 Marine biomass, 37 Market access polices, 206–7 Markets and marketing in adaptive mosaic scenario, 153 AKST responses to changes in, 105 biodiversity products, commercial exploitation of, 175–76 bioenergy and diversification of, 175 in life as it is scenario, 144, 146 in order from strength scenario, 141, 142 by scenario (overview), 136t systems to link food producers and consumers in peri-urban areas, 180–81 in technogarden scenario, 156 trends in, 31–32 as variable, 121t Mechanistic worldview, 47f, 49f Media, local information education programs in, 181 Medicinal herbs and plants, 31b MERCOSUR (Common Market of the South), 21, 107 Mesoamerica. See Central America and Mexico region Mexico. See Central America and Mexico region (Mesoamerica) Milk production, 37 Millennium development goals, UN, 6, 17, 19, 21 Millennium Development Goals: A Latin American and Caribbean Perspective (UNDP), 4, 21 Millennium Ecosystems Assessment (MA), 202 Millennium Scenarios, 114, 122 Millennium Summit, 14 Mineral content of food, 60, 61t Minifundios, 195 Modernization agroecology and, 48 |
AKST system agenda and, 89 governance models and, 178 land tenure effects, 16 of management models, 178 research styles and, 91 social aspects of, 59, 107–8 social conflict and, 194 Monsanto Corporation, 205f Movement of Landless Rural Workers (MST), 18b Movimiento Campesino a Campesino (Farmer to Farmer Movement), 27b, 55, 89 MST (Movement of Landless Rural Workers), 18b N NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement), 13 Nanotechnology overview, 41 in adaptive mosaic scenario, 152 advances in, 106, 107 in global orchestration scenario, 138–39 institutions and, 90 in order from strength scenario, 143 NARIs (national agricultural research institutes) overview, 78–80 foundations and, 101 funding and, 99–100 institutional and administrative constraints, 82–86 linkages between CGIAR and civil society, 83b See also AKST systems National actions, 196–98 National agricultural research institutes. See NARIs National Agriculture Technology Institute (INTA), 85, 100, 101 National Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock Research Institute (INIFAP), 91, 101 National organizations in AKST system, 78–80. See also NARIs (national agricultural research institutes) Natural resources availability of, 28 (See also Resource availability) genetic resources, conservation of, 102–3 study and understanding of dynamics of, 172–73 New Rurality approach, 13 Nitrates, 61 Nitrification, 29 Non-tariff barriers. See Trade barriers North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 13 Nutrient attrition, 28–29 Nutrition, impacts of production systems on, 60–62 O Oil crisis, 174 Options for the future overview, 166–67 biodiversity, 175–76 capacity strengthening for AKST actors, 181 climate change and bioenergy, 174–75 conceptual framework, 167–68 |
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