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232 | Index
| Food sovereignty overview, 17–20 models to guarantee, 180 policies for, 191–92 Food sustainability, 130t–131t FORAGRO (Regional Forum for Agricultural Research and Technological Development), 82 Forests, secondary, 172 Forests and timber production, 37. See also Deforestation Free trade agreements, 13, 22, 97, 189–90 Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), 13 Freshwater ecosystems, environmental impacts on, 58 FTAA (Free Trade Area of the Americas), 13 Future options. See Options for the future G Gender agricultural production and, 48–50 modernization and, 108 See also Women Genetically modified organisms (GMOs). See Transgenics Genetic resources, conservation of, 102–3 Germplasm banks, 102 GHG (greenhouse gases), 202, 206. See also Climate change Global context, 8–12 Globalization market demand and, 105 trends, 8–9 Global orchestration scenario 2007-2015, 125–38 2016-2030, 138–40 implications for innovation and development policies, 159, 160–61 states of component variables, 132t–137t Global warming. See Climate change Glyphosate, 34b, 55 GMOs (genetically modified organisms). See Transgenics Governance in adaptive mosaic scenario, 149, 152, 162 current situation, 127t in global orchestration scenario, 138 in life as it is scenario, 145 in order from strength scenario, 142 by scenario (overview), 133t in technogarden scenario, 154 as variable, 118t Governance models, 178 Grassroots institutions, 198–99 Greenhouse gases (GHG), 202, 206. See also Climate change Green Revolution access and, 171 as capital intensive, 30 cultural context and, 25–27 as development strategy, 12 impacts of, 59 main objective of, 51 “new,” 52 “second,” 92 H Habitat destruction and fragmentation, 56–57, 172 |
Health agrochemicals, acute and chronic toxicity due to, 60 biodiversity diminishment, impacts of, 60 climate change and, 25 environmental and food contamination, effects of, 61 hormonal or endocrine effects of pesticides, 61–62 nutrition, impacts of production systems on, 60–62 technological innovations to overcome problems in, 173 transgenic foods, risks due to, 62, 203 Heavy metal contamination, 101 Herbicides, 34b, 55. See also Agrochemicals Historical-cultural diversity, 45 Holistic approach, 170 Hotspots, 31b Human capital democratization and, 198 demographic bonus and, 204 pro-poor system agenda and, 92 strengthening capacities, 181 See also Knowledge Human life, cost of, 62 Hunger and malnutrition chronic, 16 food supply and, 4, 5f See also Poverty Hurricane Mitch, agroecological resistance to, 27b Hurricanes, 25, 27b I ICTs. See Information and communication technologies IICA (Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture), 81–82 Illiteracy, 14–15, 198 Impacts of AKST, evaluation of, 182 Impacts of production systems economic, 62 environmental, 56–59 on health and nutrition, 60–62 social impacts, 59–60 Import substitution model, 12, 89 Indigenous local/place-based model, 49f Indigenous peoples cultural context, 25–26 knowledge of (See Knowledge, traditional/ indigenous) land and territory, 195 political context, 22 Indigenous production system. See Traditional/ indigenous system Industrial system. See Conventional/productivist system Infectious diseases agriculture and, 26b climate change and, 25 See also Epidemics Information and communication technologies (ICTs) and access to financial services, 210 advances in, 106 as resource, 30 in technogarden scenario, 154 |
Information dissemination mechanisms, 198 INIFAP (National Forestry, Agricultural and Livestock Research Institute), 91, 101 Innovation policies and sustainable development scenarios, 159–63. See also Technological advances and innovation In situ conservation, 102 In-Situ Cultivation of Cultivars and Wild Relatives 2001-2005 project, 194 INTA (National Agriculture Technology Institute), 85, 100, 101 Integrated pest management (IPM) practices}, 173–74 Intellectual property rights (IPR), 179–80, 202–3 Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA), 81–82 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 205 International actions, 196 International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), 83b International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 21b International institutions, 80–82 International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), 83b, 91 International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC), 10 International Service for National Agricultural Research (ISNAR), 83 International Treaty on Phytogenetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, 10, 179 International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), 10 Intoxications, chronic, 61 IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), 205 IPM (integrated pest management) practices, 173–74 IPPC (International Plant Protection Convention), 10 IPR (intellectual property rights), 179–80, 202–3 Irrigation systems, 101 ISNAR (International Service for National Agricultural Research), 83 J Jomtien Conference, 181 K Kennedy, John F., 12 Knowledge advances in (See Knowledge advances) conventional knowledge and IAASTD goals, 171 institutional knowledge-sharing mechanisms, 176–77 knowledge and innovation systems, AKST impact on, 106–7 local technological knowledge systems, 89 mechanistic vision, 47f networks, 87–89, 178 sharing initiatives, 176–77 status of, 45–48 Knowledge, traditional/indigenous in adaptive mosaic scenario, 152 |
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