In this scenario, many countries in the region are limited to importing technology, in a world where productive processes and trade are integrated. This means that these countries have a limited capacity to cope with unforeseen risks, and are therefore more vulnerable. It is important to plan and implement mechanisms to improve their capacity to produce know-how and technology, through specific programs or well-defined objectives, and to consider alternatives for sharing the scarce available resources.
     Environmental and social issues are not adequately taken into account by all countries in their research activities. At the outset of the first period, a few countries include this concern in their portfolio of R&D projects. However, this effort needs to be stepped up to enhance knowledge of ecosystems and of the impact of agriculture on them and on environmental services.
     The application of traditional knowledge is only just beginning to be seen towards the end of the period. R&D should therefore be guided by proactive policies to incorporate this knowledge in generating know-how and technology.
     Specific funds and project portfolios geared to more vulnerable population groups would be important alternatives to consider, to ensure that R&D pays attention to these groups. Research organizations should also acquire more expertise than they have today regarding the technological demands of the neediest social groups whose livelihood is
agriculture.
     Transnational companies become a relevant stakeholder in R&D, and the public sector loses ground. Integral management and investment policies in public R&D need to be implemented, to ensure that not only short-term economic demands are considered in this research. Moreover, it is important to implement proactive mechanisms to increase
participation of private organizations in generating know-how and technology in strategic economic and social areas, when the countries do not have the capacity to do so. The technology produced must be accompanied by a transfer of the capacity and knowledge needed to continue this process.

3.5.3.2 Implications for sustainable development policies
In view of persistent management instability, as a result of changes in administration without policy continuity, stability mechanisms are needed in government management, to ensure the continuity of long-term policies. This is particularly important to ensure quality education, which requires consistent and sustainable policies, especially in certain countries that are weak in this area.
     As a result of climate change and the increase in food prices, some countries must implement policies to ensure access to quality food.
     For poor countries and peasant production, specific policies are needed to assist them in incorporating sustainable practices in their production processes.

3.5.4 Adapting Mosaic

3.5.4.1 Implications for innovation policies
This scenario is based on huge climate changes and social crises, which governments are unable to manage without

 the assistance and empowerment of various social groups.These changes will probably have a greater effect on South America, because of its larger size and environmental restrictions on production of crops without irrigation, than on Central America, due to its smaller production capacity, which will also have repercussions on food security in the countries of this subregion.
     The environmental issue and the reduction of the effects of climate change are critical to this scenario, which seeks to achieve these objectives by using all types of available knowledge, including biotechnology and nanotechnology, agroecology, and traditional knowledge. Thus the R&D agenda should already be oriented to these objectives. There is also a need to find ways to promote interaction and synergy among the different types of knowledge that can presumably bring benefits to all, in the form of reduced environmental risks. In LAC, countries that already have the capacity to generate technology today (Brazil, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Cuba, Chile, Argentina, Mexico, and Panama) and technology transfers (Cuba, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru) will possibly be in a better position to engage in this interaction and achieve this synergy.
     R&D should be directed to understanding and solving environmental and climate change problems. This requires an understanding of the interaction among ecosystems, and between them and the new technologies, and of the possible international effects on shared natural resources.

In view of the longer time required to obtain results in a scenario which requires that R&D consider all affected groups, where the environment imposes restrictions on the independent development of science, and where there is a need for more efficient use of resources, it is imperative to focus on improving management of R&D, with the integration of all stakeholders.

3.5.4.2 Implications for sustainable development policies
Adapting Mosaic is a scenario that requires many institutional changes, which is strongly reflected in governance and development policies in countries. While some countries that are generally less vulnerable today, such as Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico, will have major difficulties in adapting their laws, regulations, and practices to the new times, other countries will have similar problems because they do not have political stability and efficient governments. These are the countries with the worst problems of governance and integrated development policies at the present time. All of these countries should consider the possibility of designing stable policies aimed at improving environmental protection, providing greater access to quality education, and increasing the capacity to guarantee food security to their people in future.
     Food security and the common environmental issue are the two major sources of concern in this scenario. For the first, it is important to identify alternatives that will not jeopardize environmental protection but will provide the growing, increasingly educated, hence more demanding population to have access to quality foods.
     The scenario offers conditions for public support to facilitate initiatives to protect common natural resources, as part of the same environmental protection approach it favors.