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Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology: Investment and Economic Returns | 543

velopment of policies such as payments for environmental services from farmers, which could induce the development and adoption of practices that provide environmental ser­vices. In addition, some of the agricultural technologies and policies for provide these ecosystem services can be designed to use the assets of the poor, such as labor in labor-abundant economies which would reduce poverty.
     Major public and private research and development investments will be needed in plant and animal pest and disease control. Continued intensification of agricultural production, changes in agriculture due to global warming, the development of pests and diseases that are resistant to

 

current methods of controlling them, and changes in de­mand for agricultural products, will lead to new challenges for farmers and the research system. Investments in this area by the public and private sector have provided high returns in the past and are likely to provide even higher returns in the future. In addition, these investments could lead to: less environmental degradation by reducing the use of older pes­ticides and livestock production methods; more labor use, which could reduce poverty; and positively improve human health of farmers and their families by reducing their expo­sure to pesticides. This is an area in which public and private collaboration is essential.

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