| Coordinating Lead Authors |
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|
7.2.5.1 Regional integration 459 |
| Anne-Marie Izac (France), Henrik Egelyng (Denmark), Gustavo |
|
|
7.2.5.2 State trading enterprises for developing country export |
| Ferreira (Uruguay) |
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commodities 459 |
| |
|
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7.2.5.3 Microfinance and microcredit 460 |
| Lead Authors |
|
|
7.2.5.4 Alternative trade channels: Fair Trade, certified organics, |
| David Duthie (UK), Bernard Hubert (France), Niels Louwaars (Nether- |
|
|
and mark of origin 460 |
| lands), Erika Rosenthal (USA), Steve Suppan (USA), Martin Wierup |
|
7.2.6 |
Market mechanisms to optimize environmental externalities 462 |
| (Sweden), Morven McLean (Canada), Elizabeth Acheampong (Ghana) |
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7.2.6.1 Policy options for internalizing environmental |
| |
|
|
externalities 462 |
| Contributing Authors |
|
|
7.2.6.2 Payments for agroenvironmental services 462 |
| Patrick Avato (Germany/Italy), Daniel de la Torre Ugarte (Peru), |
|
7.2.7 |
Enhancing governance of trade and technologies 465 |
| Shaun Ferris (UK), Edwin Gyasi (Ghana), Niek Koning (Netherlands), |
|
|
7.2.7.1 Governance of trade and environmental decision- |
| Douglas Murray (USA), Laura T. Raynolds (USA), Peter Robbins (UK) |
|
|
making 465 |
| |
|
|
7.2.7.2 International competition policy and antitrust: governing |
| Review Editor |
|
|
commodity markets to promote development goals 465 |
| Niels Röling (Netherlands) |
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7.2.7.3 Strategic impact assessment and comparative technology |
| |
|
|
assessment 466 |
| |
|
7.3 |
Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health 467 |
| |
|
7.3.1 |
Food safety 467 |
| Key Messages |
|
|
7.3.1.1 Surveillance challenges 467 |
| 7.1 |
Natural Resources and Global Environmental Change 443 |
|
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7.3.1.2 Financing a public good 468 |
| 7.1.1 |
Resources, processes of change and policies 443 |
|
|
7.3.1.3 Food safety standards for domestic public health benefits 469 |
| 7.1.2 |
Reducing the impacts of climate change and the contribution of |
|
7.3.2 |
Animal health 469 |
| |
agriculture to climate change 445 |
|
|
7.3.2.1 Major epizootic diseases and impacts on trade and |
| 7.1.3 |
Managing the natural resource base of agriculture 446 |
|
|
developing countries 469 |
| |
7.1.3.1 Soils, nutrients and pests 446 |
|
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7.3.2.2 Zoonoses as foodborne infections—policies for integrated |
| |
7.1.3.2 Genetic resources and agrobiodiversity 447 |
|
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approach 470 |
| |
7.1.3.3 Water scarcity, water quality and the distribution of |
|
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7.3.2.3 Endemic diseases—the major challenge and potential 471 |
| |
water 449 |
|
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7.3.2.4 Animal welfare 471 |
| 7.2 |
Trade and Markets 452 |
|
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7.3.2.5 Priority setting for disease control technologies 472 |
| 7.2.1 |
Trade and markets: the enabling policy context for AKST |
|
7.3.3 |
Plant health 472 |
| |
contributions to sustainability and development goals 452 |
|
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7.3.3.1 The challenge of international phytosanitary standards 472 |
| 7.2.2 |
Policy challenges and tradeoffs 453 |
|
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7.3.3.2 Opportunities through regionalism 472 |
| 7.2.3 |
Policy flexibility to pursue development, poverty reduction and |
|
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7.3.3.3 Biosafety and plant protection 473 |
| |
food security agendas 453 |
|
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7.3.3.4 Meeting the plant health needs of small-scale farmers 473 |
| |
7.2.3.1 Special products, special safeguard mechanisms and |
|
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7.3.3.5 The private sector and third party certification 473 |
| |
deeper preferences 454 |
|
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7.3.3.6 Climate change and plant health 473 |
| |
7.2.3.2 Distributional impacts of welfare benefits and losses from |
|
7.3.4 |
Ways forward 474 |
| |
trade liberalization 455 |
|
7.4 |
Knowledge and Knowledge Management—Property Rights 475 |
| |
7.2.3.3 Meeting new regulatory costs associated with |
|
7.4.1 |
Public research and the generation of public goods 475 |
| |
international trade 456 |
|
7.4.2 |
Multilateral negotiations on rights systems 475 |
| 7.2.4 |
Policy options to address the downward pressure on prices for |
|
7.4.3 |
Effects of rights on AKST at the national and institutional levels 477 |
| |
the small-scale sector 456 |
|
7.4.4 |
Rights systems on natural resources: from simple ownership to |
| |
7.2.4.1 Subsidies 456 |
|
|
bundle of rights 479 |
| |
7.2.4.2 Supply management for tropical commodities 458 |
|
7.5 |
Pro-Poor Agricultural Innovation 481 |
| |
7.2.4.3 Escalating tariffs 459 |
|
7.5.1 |
Technology supply push and the global agricultural treadmill 481 |
| 7.2.5 |
Options to increase market size, competition, and value capture |
|
7.5.2 |
Brokered long-term contractual arrangements 482 |
| |
in commodity chains to increase incomes for small-scale farm |
|
7.5.3 |
Endogenous development and traditional knowledge 482 |
| |
sector 459 |
|
7.5.4 |
Innovation systems (IS) 485 |