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Outlook on Agricultural Changes and Its Drivers | 289
Table 4-13. Proposed measures for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural ecosystems, their apparent effects on reducing emissions of individual gases where adopted (mitigative effect), and an estimate of scientific confidence in their reduction of overall net emissions at the site of adoption.
|
|
Mitigative effects1 |
Net mitigation1 (confidence) |
|||
Measure |
Examples |
CO2 |
CH4 |
N2O |
Agreement |
Evidence |
Cropland management |
Agronomy Nutrient management |
+ + |
|
+/- |
*** |
|
|
Tillage/residue management |
+ |
|
+/- |
** |
** |
|
Water management (irrigation, drainage) |
+/- |
|
+ |
* |
* |
|
Rice management |
+/- |
+ |
+/- |
** |
** |
|
Agro-forestry |
+ |
|
+/- |
*** |
* |
|
Set-aside, land-use change |
+ |
+ |
+ |
*** |
*** |
Grazing land management/ pasture improvement |
Grazing intensity |
+/- |
+/- |
+/-+/- |
** |
* |
|
Fire management |
+ |
+ |
+/- |
* |
* |
|
Species introduction (including legumes) |
+ |
|
+/- |
* |
|
Management of organic soils |
Avoid drainage of wetlands |
+ |
- |
+/- |
** |
** |
Restoration of degraded lands |
Erosion control, organic amendments, nutrient amendments |
+ |
|
+/- |
*** |
** |
Livestock management |
Improved feeding practices Specific agents and dietary additives |
|
+ + |
+ |
** |
♦♦♦ |
|
Longer term structural and management changes and animal breeding |
|
+ |
+ |
|
|
Manure/biosolid management |
Improved storage and handling Anaerobic digestion |
|
+ + |
+/-+/- |
*** |
* |
|
More efficient use as nutrient source |
+ |
|
+ |
*** |
** |
Bioenergy |
Energy crops, solid, liquid, biogas, residues |
+ |
+/- |
+/- |
*** |
** |
Notes:
+ denotes reduced emissions or enhanced removal (positive mitigative effect)
- denotes increased emissions or suppressed removal (negative mitigative effect)
+/- denotes uncertain or variable response
1A qualitative estimate of the confidence in describing the proposed practice as a measure for reducing net emissions of greenhouse gases, expressed as CO2-eq
Agreement refers to the relative degree of consensus in the literature (the more asterisks, the higher the agreement); Evidence refers to the relative amount
of data in support of the proposed effect (the more asterisks, the more evidence).
Source: IPCC, 2007, adapted from Smith and Bertaglia, 2007.
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